Concept of Documentary Photography

A Composition A composition can be defined as the arrangement of different elements of a subject to make the theme complete in such a way that it instils sense to the person reading it or looking at it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Documentary Photography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is the act of putting different elements together for coming up with a relationship between elements in a way that logic is made out of it. However, at the end of the day, its function remains the same in that it defines the elements of a subject that make it a whole. Composition in visual arts can be described as the act of putting together graphic elements for creating a visual structure. The purpose of composition in this case is to bring out a distinction between the different elements of a work that is being portrayed in such a manner that the elements of the work that the artist is trying to bring out are e asily identifiable to the eye by the viewer. Composition is crucial in arts because it secures the subject matter from being lost among the many elements of the work, which may mostly be playing a supporting role to the main elements. Composition guides the artists in making their decision on how they want their work to appear. Thus, they are able to first identify the elements that would be used to create the main image, which will in a way contrast with other elements that make up the whole work. It will also enable the artist to identify elements that would be used with the main elements to create a contrast that will be in relation with the main work. Composition will then guide the artist in the organisation of the different elements of the work so that everything is put in the right place for achieving the purpose the work it is supposed to accomplish. According to Berger (1972), â€Å"†¦the photographer’s way of seeing is reflected in his choice of subject† (p. 9). The placement of the elements making up the work in the right way enables the artist to communicate the specific message to the viewer because different arrangements communicate different meanings. The purpose of the artist is to communicate a specific meaning to the viewer of the work. If the viewer gets the wrong meaning of the work, the purpose of the work will be lost. Composition is important because it is used to eliminate confusion in the viewers’ mind. When the different elements are being viewed by the viewer, the viewers tend to digest what they are seeing to give a meaning to it. Berger reiterates, â€Å"Images are more precise and richer than literature† (p. 12). Therefore, the artist will always try to be in accord with the viewer of the work in that when the viewer sees the work, he or she is able to get the point the artist was trying to put across without so much explanation. This therefore makes composition a very important element of visual a rts because of the role it plays.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Composition Skills Composition skills in photography are the main difference between a photograph and a snapshot. Composition skills enable the cinematographers to see the object captured in the viewfinder the same way the camera they are using is viewing it. A camera is not like a human being who can be blind to some things and fail to notice them: it simply captures everything that comes within the vision of the viewfinder. Therefore, photography composition skills enable the person seeing through the viewfinder to see what the camera is seeing and therefore choose what to take and what not to take (Freeman, 2007, p. 78). The difference between a snapshot and photograph is brought about by the composition skills of the camera operator. Composition skills come in different ways that can be grouped as either formal composition or accidental. Formal composition skills Formal composition skills are the skills that one needs to follow in a guided manner when taking a photograph. Two skills in this case are the golden section rule and the rule of thirds. Golden section rule When a picture or a photo is viewed, certain specific points of the picture or photo will be the greatest attraction to the viewer of the photograph or picture. This case also happens to different types of objects as viewed by the viewer whether they are manmade or natural. The viewer of the items will be attracted to specific areas the moment he or she sets eyes on the image before them because of some elements of the image that catch the viewer attention. The golden section rule works in a way that the image is divided into nine unequal parts using four lines. The golden rule says that the most important parts of the image should be found at the bottom right corner of the image, which should be the place the viewer of the im age should look for when looking at an image (Freeman, 2007, p. 45). Therefore, when taking a photograph of painting an image while being guided by the golden rule, one should concentrate the elements he or she wishes the viewer to see around this place as an easy way to capture the attention of the viewer as well as convey the elements he or she wishes to capture. The golden section came about from the fact that most people read books from left to right. This tactic is the same format photographers employ when looking at photographs and pictures. One therefore tends to pause around this area while looking at the photograph. When he or she paused around this area, he or she tends to concentrate a lot on the elements that are found in this area and hence a good opportunity to capture the viewer’s concentration. Therefore, the photographers should concentrate the elements they wish the viewer to see most around this area to maximise the purpose of the image.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Documentary Photography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rule of Thirds The rule of thirds is one of the formal rules to place and locate the elements that the photographer wishes the viewer to see. This qualifies as a composition skill that directs the photographers on the way they concentrate the elements on the image as well as directing the viewer where to find the main elements of the photograph. The rule of thirds requires one to â€Å"divide an image into three equal parts in a bid to compose the image in thirds with the dominant elements in the photograph being placed on one third of the image† (Sontag, 1977, p. 175). They can be placed on â€Å"one third of the upper side of the image or on one third of the lower side of the image though the elements can be placed on one third of the right side of the image or they can be placed on one third of the left side of the im age† (Sontag, 1977, p. 175). The areas described above are where the lines run or meet. This way of composing a photograph enables photographers to take the best angles from where they can concentrate the main elements of the photograph. Accidental composition Accidental composition can be described as a situation when elements fall in place on their own in a conjunction that is not planned into a kind of group that has a reflection of balance, energy, and meaning. Whereas the elements can be captured through the effort of the photographer to position in an angle that will bring the main elements into a certain position in the formal composition, accidental composition has the elements somewhat in place on their own. This strategy is viewed as accidental because the photographer did not put an effort to organise the elements before taking the shot. Comparison between good composition and bad composition The comparison between a good composition and a bad composition can be fou nd in the location of the main elements in the photograph. When the main elements are easily located in the photograph, the photograph is said to be a good composition because it easily conveys the message it is intended. A bad composition is one that has the main elements of the photograph lost among the other elements thus making it difficult for the viewer to see them instantly. A good composition is one that has the main element of the photograph standing out of the background of the image. A bad composition has the main object lost among the many elements of the image thus making it difficult for the viewer of the image to point out what exactly the image is wishing to portray. A good image has all the symmetrical features in the right position while a bad composition will have its symmetrical features not being balanced in the image. Social documentary photography The features of documentary photography Social documentary photography is a type of photography that tends to focu s on issues affecting society by providing images of the same. It has a purpose in advancing certain causes in society for alleviating the suffering that victims in the case go through. It tends to record human beings in their natural settings that might not be the very best standards for human beings to live in.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theme of universal social A theme in a photograph is what the photograph is meant to achieve and communicate as well. In documentary photography, the pictures are supposed to convey a certain message that should be common in the given documentary. Sontag 1977) finds, â€Å"A photograph passes for incontrovertible proof that a given thing happened† (p. 175). The theme of universal social is meant to portray the social issues that affect the society in the world as a whole. These themes portray the human being in a mode of suffering or discomfort that the photographer wishes to show to the other side of the world for changing the situation for the suffering group. The theme of universal social is simply a theme that can be easily identified and understood by the viewer as to be portraying a message from the society. The theme of universal social is meant to send a message to the viewer of the image and convince the viewer of the social situation the persons in the image are going through (Rothstein, 1986, p. 45). In documentary photography, the picture is supposed to speak for itself. In fact, the pictures in the given documentary are supposed to support each other in an effort to bring out the theme and the overall message of the photograph. Reality of the style Style can be realised in social documentary photography by the photographers taking their time to find out in what form an image will achieve its intended objective. The reality of the style can happen when the photographer is able to take images in a certain way that he or she can communicate a meaningful theme or themes to the viewer. The images should be taken in a certain sequence that can allow the audience to piece them together and come up with a message that the images a conveying or a message closer to what the photographer wanted to communicate. The realisation of style can happen when there is consistency in the photographs or images being viewed. If the images are not consistent, they should be related in a way. Reality of style can be achieved over a long period by the photographer staying in an area for a long time for them to capture the best elements of the theme that happen over a period (Sontag, 1977, p. 175). Style can be achieved in social documentary photography by portraying the images anonymously without a commentary so that the viewers of the image take time to create different scenarios in their minds. The strong sense of form Form as an element of art is the three dimensional feature that an image is portrayed in. Documentary photography tends to bring out form as its strong point as part of its composition. Form enables one to view an image from a three dimensional point of view thus capturing all the surrounding elements as they appeared when the image was being taken. Form therefore gives the photographer an opportunity to capture other minor elements around the image, which when viewed with the image enable the image to communicate a wider message to the viewer. Sontag (1977) states, â€Å"from the start, photography implied the capture of the largest possible number of subjects; paintings never had so imperial a scope† (p. 175). Form enables the viewer of the image to see the reality as portrayed by the image because social documentary photography is all about sending a message that should be convincing to the viewer of the image without so much persuading. A strong sense of form brings out the image as the main element thus catching the attention of the viewer as early as possible. Form is achieved through such elements like dimensions, lines, mass, and colour among many others. Their strong uses in varying levels are meant to enable the viewer to catch the most important elements of the image that communicate the message of the image. Emotional expression Social documentary photography is meant to attract the emotional attention of the viewers as a way of making them move into the action and do something abo ut what they have seen. Social documentary photography is mostly used by people campaigning for a certain cause therefore seeking the help of others in their campaign to change a situation in a certain social setting. Most social causes are meant to alleviate the suffering of people in those social settings. The best way to do this is to get other people in better conditions to sympathise with them and come to their rescue. This stands out is the reason behind the use of emotional expression in most social documentary photography. Emotional expression is captured in this case as an element of the image. It is supposed to be very visible so much that the viewers of the image are touched by what they are seeing until they are moved into action. Sontag further finds, â€Å"Photographs furnish evidence, something we hear about but seem proven when we are shown a photograph† (p. 175). Most social documentary photography images are of people suffering in one way or the other. The p hotographers tend to capture images that look sad without any form of happiness as a way of maintaining the consistency of the theme. The relationship between the composition and features of documentary photography The relationship between the composition and features of a documentary is realised in the images that the photographer comes up with for the purpose of the social documentary. In this case, the composition of the image should capture the image of the person in a mode of suffering by capturing most elements of the person and elements around the person portraying an image of suffering. Composition is about capturing the right elements in the right position. Thus, when applied to documentary photography, the right image is brought out (Rothstein, 1986, p. 45). In documentary photography, signs of suffering are the right elements that make up the image for the purpose of communication. Thus, the images of people in social settings that are not right make up the composition of the photograph. The attitude of taking documentary photography The attitude of taking documentary photography can also be described as the drive for doing the same. This qualifies as the reason behind the photographer taking the said photographs. Different people have different reasons for taking photographs. They therefore tend to concentrate in specific areas that will bring out the message that they want to capture by making sure that the right elements are in place. This case also applies to documentary photography. Different documentary photographers prepare documentaries for different reasons as well as intentions thus the questioning of the attitude of taking a documentary photograph. Therefore, the attitude of taking a documentary photograph should be in line with the intended purpose the photograph is meant to achieve. Discovery: find out the question and respect the fact One purpose of documentary photography lies in the fact that a documentary is made to provide evidence of something that is in existence, and that should be looked into by interested parties. A documentary is meant to create a form of awareness that will lead to further questions to find out the final truth about something to provide answers to questions raised before. Therefore, the photographer is supposed to go into the field with a blank mind that will discover new facts or with information that he or she will be coming out to prove to be either true or false. The purpose of documentary photography is discovery. In this case, the photographer goes out to discover a situation that is vague in most cases and in need to have proof or needs clear information. The photographers will then go ahead to find out the questions about the situation and move to the ground to find information with regard to the question that they need to answer. Documentary photography relies on evidence of collected on the ground as a way of answering the questions that have been raised thus not relying on h earsay. The photographer will prepare a presentation that will follow a certain sequence. It can be accompanied by captions that highlight what the picture is all about. The photographer is supposed to approach the question with an open mind so that the discovery they make is not influenced any form of bias that might distort the answers to the question. The photographer should capture so many images that are relevant to the question so that there is a close relationship that can be followed by a viewer of the images (Sontag, 1977, p. 175). The photographers should be honest in such a way that they present all the facts as they appear. In some instances, the photographers might be having their own opinion while taking the photographs though this should not be used to influence the outcome of the documentary. Any facts found to be outside the photographer’s mind frame should not be left out because it will negatively affect the outcome of the documentary. Therefore, the photog rapher should respect the facts when compiling the documentary and in a way become neutral as much as the documentary is meant to prove a certain point. Respect of facts will make the documentary realise its purpose to deliver information that will be used by the viewer to make the right decisions. Biased facts will mislead the viewer into making wrong conclusions. Creation: Base on the fact and add a personal idea or concept Creativity in documentary photography adds a different angle to the whole work thus presenting it in a manner that will capture the attention of the viewer of the work. Creativity is the difference that separates different artists and photographers because the cameras are almost the same largely. If photographers were to take pictures, they would take the same photographs. The touch in terms of the angle, the background, the lighting, and other factors that the photographer employs are the ones that will differentiate their work from one another (Freeman, 2007, p. 16). In the application of creation, the photographers should not lose the main point by diverting their attention to other things that can be referred to as secondary. The photographers should base their attention on the fact of the matter at hand to which they wish to use to communicate their message to their audience. The fact that is being put across in this case should be packaged in such a way that will make it more appealing to the audience through the addition of personal ideas. Personal ideas range depending on the creativity of the individual who will be producing the documentary. They can include the background of the documentary, the captions used on the photographs, and the arrangement of the photographs. Personal ideas in the concept can also involve the form in which the photographers wish to present their work to the audience as well as the location of the work, which adds to the theme of the work thus making the presentation more attractive. A point that should be noted in this case is that personal ideas should simply be used to reinforce the presentation of the work to support the composition so that the main idea is achieved at the end of the day. The relationship between the composition and attitude of taking documentary photography The relationship between composition and attitude of taking documentary photography can be found in the need for proof that documentary photographs tend to convey. The attitude of documentary photography is to find answers to questions and queries that society should deal with. On the other hand, the purpose of composition is to capture the intended image and package it in a form that will be visible and presentable to the viewer of the photograph. Composition takes into account the elements that need to be captured in the photograph, their position in the picture, and their visibility to the viewer of the photographs. Therefore, with this in mind, the photographer is able take photographs that capture the specific elements he or she wishes them to capture. The value of Documentary photography Documentary photography is done by different people in different fields for different purposes. Thus, they all give it different values depending on what they wish to achieve. Reveal the truth to promote social development Documentary photography has been used in many occasions to find out the truth about the social situation of some members of the society, reveal the truth about their situation and encourage others to support them. Most people in society tend to depend on media for information about different places they have not been to or different situations affecting different parts of society that is not in contact with them. A good example of this is the poor and the rich people. Although these two groups of society might be living in the same city or not very far away from each other, they cannot easily come in touch with the issues affecting the opposite groups unless they visit them. T his case is not easy. Therefore, documentaries are one of the few ways that the plight of the disadvantaged in society can be highlighted on and attract development from incentives from the other groups of society. Documentary photography goes to the ground to collect raw evidence. When presented to either authorities or donors, it can attract funding or different types of intervention from either authorities or development partners (Sontag, 1977, p. 175). In most cases, the truth of the situation on the ground is not known to the concerned authorities. The documentary serves like a wakeup call for them to take action. Historical value can be of benefit to scientific research Documentary photography offers a valuable collection of photographs that form a sort of narrative that can be used for future research. The whole collection of photographs taken over a long period can be used to show the difference between the past as compared the present situation of a place. This information can be used to do research in areas like geography, which study things like erosion of land and sea. Photographic evidence of how the area used to look like previously can be used to measure the extent of the changes that have occurred in the given period also providing a glimpse of the solution to the problem. Photographs offer undisputed evidence that can be used by generations to come in the conduct of research in areas like marine life on species of marine life that are endangered or have drastically reduced in number (Sontag, 1977, p. 178) . They can also be used to trace animals that used to be there though presently not easily sighted as they used to before. Most importantly, historical evidence gives prove for comparison between two different situations that are a subject for studying. The record of the reality reflects the humanity The record of reality reflects humanity in such a way that it exposes the different images of a human life that makes it real. Documentary photo graphy takes into account different situations that human beings live their life and the different variances that the human life is. On one hand, records of reality show how there are so many different societies in one society that the human kind lives in. Documentary photography goes to the ground to collect information and evidence. When put together, the true picture of humanity comes out (Rothstein, 1986, p. 34). Under humanity, there is a good life as well as suffering. There are different classes of humanity spanning the world with some sharing the same suffering while others having their own form of suffering. Under the social umbrella, there are the rich and the poor, war and peace, and diseases and good health. Photographic documentary tends to expose the situation as it is on the ground to members of society who are not aware of it a make them develop feelings that would make them move into action to correct the situation. Documentary photography is a source of information that can be used to activate the human masses into action. The relationship between composition and value of taking documentary photography Documentary photography has its value in informing society through the depiction of different photographs, which are meant to portray a certain image of a certain part of society and make members of society to take necessary action. For a documentary to make sense and capture the society’s attention, it has to be organised in such a way that the pictures on displays communicate the same theme that the documentary is after exposing. Composition as defined earlier is meant to balance the elements on a photograph in such a manner that the elements would be captured to portray the message they are meant to portray. When a photographer has the ability to make a good composition, they will be in a position to place the relevant elements into the right position for capturing the viewer’s attention to the right place (Berger, 1972, p. 12) . Therefore, a documentary will be of value only if the right elements are placed properly onto the photograph and in such a manner that the viewer’s attention is captured instantly. A documentary usually has so many photographs that one will have to go through to come up with a conclusion. Thus, the photographs should be taken in such a way that they can deliver the image as well as the message within a single look. This therefore makes composition very important in this case. Daido Moriyama Daido Moriyama is a 74-year old Japanese photographer who is renowned all over the world for his post war works that show the differences that have been caused by timelines in Japanese society. Daido Moriyama’s works span five decades from around 1961 to present. It tends to concentrate on the dark side of the Japanese urban society in his photography. Daido Moriyama also tends to focus his work on the underdeveloped side of the Japanese society that is away from the industrialise d sectors of the Japanese cities. He produces his photographs in such a way that they are unique and different from others. Work analysis Motivation Daido Moriyama is motivated by the ability of the photographs he takes to speak for themselves. Moriyama is motivated in such a way that he believes the photographs will get a language wherever they go to. He is thus not obligated to give then a caption. Most of Moriyama’s photographs are taken randomly. When he develops the film into a photograph, each photograph will be given a meaning by the viewers who will see it repeatedly. Style Moriyama’s style can be described as unique. Moriyama under exposes the images he takes heavily. He then overdevelops them in the dark room, making him come out with mostly black and white photographs that show the main image without other elements in the surrounding. This strategy makes the photographs lose a lot of detail but again a lot in character. He kills off the other elements that c an be found in the background of the image making the main element that he wanted to capture come out like an island. This aspect makes the viewer of the image remain with it their mind for a long time. His style is unique in a way that not many photographers can achieve it or develop interest in it. Conclusion Photography is an integral part of the human beings life that cannot be ignored or wished away as such. The purpose of photography is both to communicate to another person different from the photographer and relay a message the photographer wished the viewer to see. This communication can only be possible when the right elements that convey the message are included in the photograph whether naturally or artificially. A good photograph is said to be worth a thousand words in a way that it is able to explain itself even without a caption or accompanying statement. This stands out as the point where composition of the photograph becomes an important element of an image because t he composition incorporates all the important elements that make up the photograph and or arranges them in such a way that they will be able to capture the attention of the viewer on the first instance. The ability of a photographer to include all the necessary elements is what qualifies one to be viewed as a good photographer or not. Social documentary photography has a purpose in society to capture the different situations that the society finds them in and marshal enough support for a given cause. This purpose is one of the powerful functions of photography that when applied can bring a lot of change to the society. Social documentary photography is a media tool that can be used to rally the world to a certain cause that is worth the world’s attention and mobilise support that would make the world a better place. All these goals can only be achieved through proper conveying of the message contained in the photograph (Berger, 1972, p. 23). A photograph that cannot be unders tood is viewed to be useless because it serves no purpose. While preparing a social documentary photography, people should have their objectives set out so that the cause is not lost along the way. A good social documentary photography should have questions that need answers or should be able to bring out information that the people who are intended on viewing it will find it as new information. It does not make sense to prepare a documentary whose themes and the topics are common knowledge because it may not attract the viewership it is supposed to get. Viewership in this case should be in a position of the learner with the documentary providing the answers to what they did not know. Therefore, the way a documentary is prepared will define it as either a good documentary or a bad documentary depending on the factors that have been named above. Therefore, photography at the end of the day is a medium of communication that should be able to pass a message form one party to the other without too much explanation. Reference List Berger, J. (1972). Ways of Seeing. New York: Penguin Group. Freeman, M. (2007). The Photographers Eye. New York: Focal Press. Rothstein, A. (1986). Documentary Photography. New York: Focal Press. Sontag, S. (1972). On Photography. New York: Picador. This essay on Concept of Documentary Photography was written and submitted by user Aleah H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Social problem facing the contemporary US

Social problem facing the contemporary US Introduction The US is a first world country with visible developments in the communal realms. It is recognizable as a developed country with minimal flaws. Nevertheless, in recent years numerous negative things have been associated with such an entity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social problem facing the contemporary US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They include war, crimes, poverty, racism and discrimination, which affect them socially and economically. Mooney, Knox Schacht (2010) thus define a social problem as any social condition that has a negative impact on the society and the environment. A variety of social problems faces the American citizens in the contemporary society. These include crime, war, inaccessibility to better care, poverty, unemployment, bigotry and inequity, illegal immigrations and inadequate shelter. These are examples of social problems, which affect such a populace thus the need f or the government to address them swiftly lest they exude negative impact on subsequent generations. This paper mainly focuses on the health care issues affecting the contemporary American society with a definite focus on African Americans, elderly and related special groups. Healthcare The sole social problem facing the contemporary United States during this century pertains to healthcare. For example, obesity, cancer, diabetes and sexual abuses are prevalent. Mooney, Knox Schacht (2010) reviewed studies that indicated that in every three women in a relationship at least one has been battered, forced into sexual activity or abused in numerous ways. Unfortunately, persons they know normally initiates such acts. Despite the notion that battering is one of the major causes of hurt, and disability among the African-American women, most healthcare centers are not able to recognize this incident as a healthcare issue. Furthermore, the rate at which the African-American citizens are invo lved in drug abuse especially smoking leads to an increase in the death rate of the population due to heart diseases, strokes and cancer. According to Patel and Rushefsky (2008), federal courts passed a ruling on the medical care civil rights act in 1994, which was to offer health care services to all patients regardless of race, division or the social economic status of an individual. Unfortunately, this problem is yet to be substantially analyzed. Analysis of the problem Although several persons have ignored such a concern, it is evident that for an individual to comprehend the current health care crisis of the African American population, one must understand the legacy of the experience of the slavery. This is together with the role of racism in the provision of diverse facets of care (Patel and Rushefsky, 2008). Former Senator Bradley once said that the slavery experienced by the African American population was and still is the American’s first sin since racism persists a s the unresolved dilemma.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With reference to the most recent research, it is evident that most medical services offered by the American government consciously or subconsciously discriminate the African American. For instance, a report by the â€Å"U.S. Department of human health services† indicates that, the ethnic minorities are treated differently as compared to the whites due to either racial bias or cultural misunderstanding (Patel and Rushefsky, 2008). Another factor that has contributed to the poor medical services to the African American in America incorporates their beliefs and ethics. Such aspects have a great impact on their lifestyle, health care maintenance and education. For instance, the blacks are always regarded lower thus, the services they obtain from the care sector is of lower standard as compared to the service s given to the whites. Such intolerance and bigotry has further lead to the continuous increase of the medical care costs with time. Furthermore, the idea of insuring an employee by an employer has its limitations. This is attributable to the fact that companies with many employees can insure them medically, while those companies with few employees, covering their employees’ medical cover fail to acquire the appropriate resources. By doing the latter, the company is ultimately giving the employees an extra burden of paying their own medical bills including the family members. This often culminates as a costly affair. Apart from the working class, there are the elderly people in the society who require care services. However, the fee of management is often elevated since they require additional services like nursing homes and drug prescriptions, which are costly while the young require hospital services only (Patel and Rushefsky 2008). Sociological theory as a basis for explan ation Sociological theory can be termed as a set of solid ideas and information that allow for the systematization of social world basing on established notions. These theories change with time depending on changes arising in the social world. An example of a sociological theory that explains the health care of the Americans is the rebellion theory, which indicates that the society shuns approved goals and agreements. Dillon (2007) indicates that this notion would question the economy of the health care and the social inequality. Despite having good intentions to the society by trying to provide good health care, the social, political and economic interests always ends up interfering with their goal. This occurs when the stipulated strategies that scrutinize the performance of the health care services is not applied effectively leading to low outcome performance of the hospital services, insurance companies, pharmaceutical drug companies. Furthermore, doctors’ together with n urses’ professional jobs, corporate and small business employers, federal and states government and medical malpractice lawyers are included.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social problem facing the contemporary US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Marxist’s sociological theory claims that class is a very important factor that determines the access of an African American to health services, privileges and power in America. This situation affects the blacks despite that both the whites and the blacks are subject to similar conditions (Dillon 2010). Conclusion In spite the care problems facing the country, several strategies are employed to improve delivery of care. There is a continuous improvement of the standard of services offered by the medical health care organization and the insurance companies. Electronic system is being set up to examine and assess the medical care services. Additio nally, appropriate policies and guidelines governing the use of health care resources effectively must be set. The government should reduce costs associated with health care to advance accessibility by citizens. By doing this, the health care crisis will have negligible unenthusiastic force on the societal realms. References Dillon, M., (2010). Introduction to sociological theory: theorist, concepts, and their  applicability to the twenty- first century, Malden, MA: Wiley- Blackwell. Mooney, L.A., Knox, D., and Schacht, C., (2010). Understanding social problems, seventh Edition, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Patel, K., Rushefsky, M. E. (2008). Health care in America: separate and unequal,  New York, M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Personal and professional development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Personal and professional development - Essay Example Adopting Gibbs Model of reflection, commonly used among health professionals as indicated by Taylor (2004), this paper would describe what I learnt during my transition period, my feelings on that then evaluate the program and give a conclusion and the impact on my future professional growth. This reflection respects the principle of confidentiality for the clients and institution as stipulated in the Code cited by the Nursing and Midwifery Council, NMC (2010). Description: In a transition program, students reflect on various learning activities in their field of study that they have been engaged in. My second year transition activity was undertaken in a pharmacy. It was a one day activity that involved learning the operations in the pharmacy and the roles of a pharmacist. I observed how the pharmacist received prescriptions and orders for medicine and the due process involved before giving the medicine or dispatching ordered medicines. I also studied the side effects that specific m edications would have when administered to psychiatric patients. Rationale The motivator for choosing this kind of transition program was the desire to develop my knowledge on identification of different available drugs and how such medicines would work in the human body. Among my aims was to understand drug calculation and administration which is a critical skill in avoiding adverse effects due to poor medication. My interaction with the pharmacy team equipped me with the knowledge on the required procedure for dispensing drugs and what measures to take so as to curb medication errors in healthcare institutions, a paramount skill in my future role as a nurse. Thus, this analysis paper evaluates my experience with psychotropic medication, communication and its importance in a healthcare setting, legislation on drugs and pharmacy operations. Feelings: When I started this transition program, I expected to learn so little because the program was only to run for a day. More so, I expect ed that since to the pharmacy team it would be a normal working day, they would have little time to explain to me their operations. But the team was co-operative and helpful which made me view them as colleagues. Despite me being a student, they respected me and I will not forget the pharmacist always wanting me close so that I could learn effectively and as much as possible. Evaluation: Among the people with mental health disorders, the greatest needs include understanding the happenings within their environments; feeling their emotions but also learning to manage them; being able to communicate with those who make decisions for them; and feeling stable in their thinking (Solchany 2011). Medications have been used in treating mental disorders symptoms in conditions of depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, schizophrenia and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, ADHD. These medications used for treating mental health and behavioural problems are referred to as psychot ropic medication as used by the National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH (2008). There are varied types of these medications for particular circumstances and among the ones I encountered include antidepressants such as imipramine and clomipramine selling under the brands Tofranil and Anafranil respectively; anti-obsession medication including fluoxetine and vilazodone trading under the brands Prozac and Vibryd; and psycho-stimulants such as metyhlyphenidate trading under th

Aviation Careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aviation Careers - Essay Example Employers for graduates of aviation courses are airlines, airports, national and international unions, companies in the logistics and supplier industry and government. A career in aviation offers excitement, the opportunity for regular travel, and the chance to constantly learn new skills. However, the preparation for this fast-paced industry is an extensive process. A career in aviation means you will meet and work with a wide variety of people. One has to be able to perform well under pressure and must be able to understand the complex technical concepts of aviation. Technology is an important and crucial aspect in any aviation career. Experts in the area of computers, electronics, instrumentations, inspections, and investigations are in great demand in the aviation industry. Several opportunities are also available in research and development because of the need to always determine safer and more efficient ways and techniques to upgrade the industry. The search for new products an d technology is simply non-stop. If one wishes to work with an airline, there are various entry level positions which will cover a wide variety of duties and responsibilities. One may opt to be a flight attendant which will require extensive customer contact. It is important that one possesses strong interpersonal and communication skills.

Covey Principles Essay Example for Free

Covey Principles Essay In a society where everything is quick-fix and modeled after the fast food restaurant it is no surprise that corporate America faces the current dilemma of failing management and disinformation. Covey reminds us we must be willing to get personally involved with our job, life, family, and so on. This essay will discuss four principles needed not only in business but everyday life as well; Security, Guidance, Wisdom, and Power. Security does not mean what it used to twenty years ago. In times past, a hand shake could seal a business deal. Now, there are multiple copies of signed pages holding each party to their word. Also, a man was as good as his word in years gone by. Today it is more difficult to establish some level of trust enough to do business on a long term basis. Identity and personal integrity are just a couple of the issues that have to be proven to potential business partners. Identity plays such an important role in every day life that if we are not yet established as a person who knows themselves others will take notice. Not only is it difficult to perform in the business world, but the lack of this character trait can significantly hurt any personal relationship we hope to gain. There are various degrees of security which are, for the most part, dictated to us by the circumstance in life. However, being human, we have the ability to control how our integrity is substantiated. If we are careful when approaching this aspect of our daily lives we will soon be known as a person others can trust. This is security. Not just security for business prospects, but in the day to day grind of every-man-for-himself it will be the defining factor of all of our relationships. We can gain a great deal of insight on life if we develop a secure lifestyle. This mode of living guides us to the next principle of the four I mentioned above. The direction we receive in life is also a choice we make and comes from all the different forms of information that we allow to infiltrate our minds. It is inevitably this that shapes who we become. Covey recognizes this and offers a lot of practical insights for those who are brave enough to live life to its fullest. A person can live either on the low, middle, or the high end of this continuum. The low ultimately causes an individual to focus on themselves and what’s in it for them. Self-centered people are an example of this end of the continuum. Those focusing on traditions or human institutions are the result of the middle continuum. Then there are people who are inspired and inspire others to reach their potential in life. We choose the type of guidance we follow. Some may think that circumstance dictates their guidance, but it is impossible for anyone to be on a certain level of the continuum without consciously choosing to do so. We may not want to accept that as a truth, but the proof is easily seen by the manner of our lives. People who try to control the information shaping their lives are the people Covey calls wise. To have balance in life is to be able to see things as they really are and not to allow the facade of humanistic attitudes to dictate our life responses. Everything from inaccurate life maps to fuzzy principles will make fools of us all, and will be the source of all our frustrations. Judgment and comprehension can add a level of success in life that is measured not by income alone, but also by friends and family relationships. Things that might bring temporary pleasure are fleeting and the wise seek pleasure that is true joy. Joy gives an ability to adjust to life and recognize any power that we might possess. Power is only a good thing if coupled with wisdom and can be described as the authority with which we act. The best way to see if the power you exercise is truly helpful is to hear others’ opinions of you. While it is not recommended that you live your life or change any aspect of it by the things you hear, it can bring satisfaction or warning if rightly interpreted. People with power are demonstrative, yet not in an offensive manner. The true character of man is best told when he is alone. This is where the true power an individual possesses is recognized. These four principles; security, guidance, wisdom, and power, have given many people a large number of satisfying days at work and at home. I like to think they have influenced my life to enable me to make logical, sensible and wise choices knowing that these choices will determine my lot in life. At this venture of my life, though, it is wisdom that dictates where I go intellectually and helps me choose those things that are wholesome and right for me. Even with all the mistakes I make in life, wisdom continues to grow in me and helps guide future actions. References Covey, Stephen R. (October 1, 1992). Principle Centered Leadership. 1st edition. New York, NY: Fireside, imprint of Simon Schuster.

Aircraft Solutions Security Assessment And Recommendations Information Technology Essay

Aircraft Solutions Security Assessment And Recommendations Information Technology Essay The purpose of this assessment is to address weaknesses and provide recommendations on the network security of Aircraft Solutions. Aircraft Solutions is a recognized leader in the design and fabrication of component products and services for companies in the electronics, commercial, defense, and aerospace industry. Aircraft Solutions mission is to provide customer success through machined products and related services, and to meet cost, quality, and schedule requirements. Two weaknesses were found in regards to the companys network security. The first weakness is a hardware weakness; not having an AAA server for user authentication and authorization; second, not having a Network-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in use. The recommended solutions are to deploy an AAA server for user authentication and authorization to company resources, and deploy a combination Host and Network-based IDS for overall monitoring of the companys enterprise. Company Overview Aircraft Solutions designs and fabricates component products and services for companies in the electronics, commercial, defense, and aerospace industry. The mission of Aircraft Solutions is to provide customer success through machined products and related services, and to meet cost, quality, and schedule requirements. Much of its equipment is automated to increase production while reducing costs. The companys workforce has a large skill base: design engineers, programmers, machinists, and assembly personnel to work its highly-automated production systems. The company strategy is to offer low-cost design and computer-aided modeling packages to customers to reduce their development expenses. Aircraft Solutions uses Business Process Management (BPM) to handle end-to-end processes that span multiple systems and organizations. The BPM system is designed to connect customers, vendors, and suppliers to share information and maintain a timely business dialogue. BPM also aligns internal business operations with IT support to maintain production in support of customer requirements. Security Weaknesses Two security vulnerabilities were found in regards to the companys network security. The first vulnerability is a hardware weakness; not having an Authorization, Authentication, and Accounting (AAA) server for user authentication and authorization; second, not having a Network-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in use. Hardware Weakness AAA Server Aircraft Solution has a need for an AAA server to authenticate and authorize legitimate user credentials for its on-site headquarters, intranet remote offices, and extranet for suppliers, contractors, and suppliers. An AAA infrastructure is required in order to authorize and authenticate users to company resources; access control. AAA servers provide a mechanism for encrypted authentication of users and can be used to control access to the network. Authentication verifies the identity of a user by employing a database of usernames and passwords. Authorization assigns network rights or permissions to an authenticated user. Authorization records or logs network usage of authentication and authorized users. Accounting can be used to record information about security breaches. (Kaeo, 2004) Software Weakness Combination Host and Network-based IDS Aircraft Solutions employs a host-based IDS on the servers in the corporate office. I think having a combination of host-based IDS on critical servers and a network-based IDS by the firewall for each network segment is better. A good strategy for IDS would be to use a combination of host and network IDS. A Network-based IDS provides an overall perspective of your network and is useful for identifying distributed attacks, whereas a Host-based IDS would stop most valid threats at the host level. (Kaeo, 2004) An IDS protects a network like an alarm system. When an IDS detects that something is wrong and sees it as an attack, it can take corrective action itself or notify a management system, which would alert a network administrator to take some action. Intrusion Detection Systems are important not only in terms of stopping an attack, but also in maintaining a permanent time-stamped log of intrusion attempts on a host system. An IDS allows a company to know that they are being attacked and who is attacking them, how they are doing it, and what they might be looking for. An IDS is the watchdog that adds a layer of defense over all network security systems and policies. Definition of Solution Deployment of AAA Server Aircraft Solutions needs to centrally manage who has authorization to remotely access network resources from anywhere, which network resource are those remote users authorized to access, and any related issues. Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) and Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) are the two protocols for implementing the AAA technology framework. A centralized AAA server that uses TACACS+ protocol will provide a centralized location for Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting for Cisco devices. User authentication on Cisco devices can be done in one or two ways; a local database of users on the server, or by a TACACS+ server.   TACACS+ is a Cisco proprietary protocol that uses TCP as a transport protocol and has the ability to separate authentication, authorization, and accounting as separate services. The AAA server acts as a proxy server by using TACACS+ to authentication, authorize, and accounting for access to Cisco routers and network access servers. The Authentication function of an AAA server can provide access control; this proves a useful function in environments where theres a requirement to restrict access to network devices or applications per individual authenticated user. (Kaeo, 2004) Software Weakness Combination Host and Network-based IDS Aircraft Solutions needs to deploy a Network-based IDS in combination with its Host-based IDS. I think Aircraft Solutions should have a Network-based IDS in order to monitor all traffic to and from the Internet to see how many hackers or other malicious activities are trying to access the companys network. In addition to seeing Internet traffic, a Network-based IDS can see traffic going to a firewall or VPN and to other attached devices. A combination IDS will also enable Aircraft Solutions to better monitor and effectively respond to a security incident by employing real-time capability. A Network-base IDS is designed to sense malicious activity occurring on a network and provides real-time alerting to Administrators to investigate. The lack of not having such a system leaves Aircraft Solutions at risk by not having the ability to see malicious network traffic and relying on system events to be alerted of malicious activity. (Kaeo, 2004) Justification Deployment of AAA Server The vendor solution Id select would be Cisco hardware. Cisco Secure Access Control Server (ACS) would be best suited for use as an AAA Server. My justification for that is Cisco ACS server covers the three main functions of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting; and the use of TACACS+ protocol is Cisco proprietary protocol. Aircraft Solutions has multiple users that take part in end-to-end processes that span multiple systems and organizations. A Business Process Management (BPM) system is in place to handle all of these processes. Systems are access by users at different levels of need to know and these users are responsible for entering, processing data, and information in order to generate reports to be used for decision-making. Customer data such as project information, computer-aided design, and development models are sorted and stored in designated servers. The Design Engineering department is responsible for reviewing the electronic models, interacting with the customer and making necessary modifications with customer approval, then placing them in an Engineering Release (ER) directory for programming. As soon as these electronic models are released, programmers use them to create production programs. All final programs must be thoroughly verified for accuracy before releasing to the Proof For Production (PFP) directory for manufacturing to make the production first article. From the production floor, machinists download PFP programs directly to their DCNC (Direct Computer Numerical Control) machines for execution. After any further processing completed products are inspected for verification to customer requirements, then they are moved to the shipping department for delivery. Looking at how Aircraft Solutions BPM works, there is definitely a need for central user authentication and authorization. An AAA server with TACACS+ can be used to manage the large numbers of user IDs and passwords in a centralized database, providing a scalable network security solution. (Oppenheimer, 2004). An AAA server will ensure access to design, production, accounting, sales, and HR servers only go to authorized engineers and personnel. An AAA server will also track all users activity and attempts to access network resources; event logging. Example, if someone is trying to access production programs and theyre not authorized it will be logged, allowing for an investigation of the incident if required. Software Weakness Combination Host and Network-based IDS Aircraft Solutions has many users accessing its network, be it suppliers, customers, branch office employees etc A Network-based IDS is needed to protect the network. Similar to a home owner having an alarm system to ward off or to alert them of an intruder. I see an IDS in this fashion. An IDS detects if someone tries to break in through the firewall or manages to break in the firewall security and tries to have access on any system in the trusted side and alerts the system administrator in case there is a breach in security. (SANS Institute, 2001) Here are some advantages of Network-based IDS: Easier to deploy: Network based IDS are easier to deploy as it does not affect existing systems or infrastructure. The network-based IDS systems are Operating system independent. A network based IDS sensor will listen for all the attacks on a network segment regardless of the type of the operating system the target host is running. Detect network based attacks: Network based IDS sensors can detect attacks, which host-based sensors fail to detect. A network based IDS checks for all the packet headers for any malicious attack. Many IP-based denial of service attacks like TCP SYN attack, fragmented packet attack etc. can be identified only by looking at the packet headers as they travel across a network. A network based IDS sensor can quickly detect this type of attack by looking at the contents of the packets at the real time. Retaining evidence: Network based IDS use live network traffic and does real time intrusion detection. Therefore, the attacker cannot remove evidence of attack. This data can be used for forensic analysis. On the other hand, a host-based sensor detects attacks by looking at the system log files. Lot of hackers are capable of making changes in the log files so as to remove any evidence of an attack. Real Time detection and quick response: Network based IDS monitors traffic on a real time. So, network based IDS can detect malicious activity as they occur. Based on how the sensor is configured, such attack can be stopped even before they can get to a host and compromise the system. On the other hand, host based systems detect attacks by looking at changes made to system files. By this time critical systems may have already been compromised. Detection of failed attacks: A network based IDS sensor deployed outside the firewall can detect malicious attacks on resources behind the firewall, even though the firewall may be rejecting these attempts. This information can be very useful for forensic analysis. Host based sensors do not see rejected attacks that could never hit a host inside the firewall. (SANS Institute, 2001) Impact on Business Processes I think Aircraft Solutions will have a positive result from deploying an AAA server and adding Network-based IDS to its network enterprise. The impact to its business processes should be transparent, having little negative effect. Using an AAA server to provide authentication and authorization and accounting gives network administrators an added layer of protection in securing Aircraft Solutions network infrastructure. It allows access to network resources to be better controlled and delegated. An example could be branch office users connecting to the network; they can be screened against the user database and a custom policy that controls what device a user can access and what services on a particular device that a user can access. If a users account is compromised that account can be disabled. Using these two tools to correct the identified security weaknesses is a benefit. The only thing that may be viewed as negative is the access speed may be slightly slower. However, I think a slight decrease in access speed to the user is out weighted by having the access control and network monitoring needed to ensure Aircraft Solutions network infrastructure has a more layered defense. Security trumps a speedy user†¦ Summary In conclusion, I identified two areas of security weakness in Aircraft Solutions deployment of an AAA server and Network-based IDS. These are two tools that are necessary in any network enterprise environment. Implementing these recommendations will better ensure security of the companys resources, better overall enterprise integrity, and provide added layers of defense by having access control over network resources and real-time monitoring of network activity. Figure 1: Revised Aircraft Solutions Network Infrastructure

Economic Changes of the Ju/’Hoansi

The Ju'/hoansi started as a food foraging society, a mode of subsistence involving some combination of hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plant foods. During the early days, these people would travel long distances within a restricted territory and make seasonal moves to tap into naturally available food sources. Men and women were both equally important in work as well as necessary for survival. Although the men were usually the hunters and women the gatherers, it was not out of character for both sexes to do both jobs. Women were able to share the food they collected with whomever they wanted.Men on the other hand had different rules and constraints they had to go by in distribution of meat. The sharing was done in units of 25 people rather than just one family, they didn't have to share with everyone but no one went hungry within the unit. One way of preserving large amounts of meat was to make jerky. When hunting and killing an elephant would bring many pounds of meat, it would be stored by drying it out in long strips and could be packed easily as they moved to the next camp. In the 1970's the Ju'/hoansi were taken from their homeland, which caused a social change in their people.Jobs were given and paid for with monies. Men were given more jobs then women, which caused a significant change in the economy. Women were given welfare by the government and were isolated at their homes with nothing to do. Their purpose was diminished and they had too much time on their hands. Disease hit the people causing many deaths and tragedy. The South African Government came bringing liquor and many men fought each other, killing off their own people. The change brought to the Ju'/hoansi was a tragedy, they were not accustomed to this new way of life, nor had they been brought up by this kind of culture to be able to adjust.Some of the people went back to their homeland, never to be the same as the early days of foraging for food. They tried to shift to agriculture whic h called for a different understanding than what they were used to. Pre-planning and organization was needed for agriculture. The people had been hunting and gathering, which they did while traveling without planning. It was a different way of life, although some success came for a few, it was not common. Like many others of their kind, they were edged out of their traditional habitats and the foraging cultures have nearly disappeared.

Important of Learning Foreign Language

Important of learning foreign language Language is systemic sounds or symbol in order to communicate with other people. In a world that increasingly interdependent, we can no longer afford to remain monolingual. Success depends in large measure on ability of an individual to function as members of global village whose members speak a variety of foreign language. Learning language is no longer past time but it is necessity. Learning more than one language is benefits to us because learning foreign languages can help us in working or business, able to travel to a foreign country, foreign language as a secret communication.One major part of learning foreign language is learning foreign languages can help us in working or business. If our work involves regular contact with speakers of foreign language, being able to talk to them with foreign language can help us communicate with them. It may also help us to make sales and negotiate secure contracts. Knowledge of learning foreign language can increase our chances of finding a new job, getting a promotion or transfer overseas, or of going on foreign business trips.Many English-speakers do not bother to learn foreign language because they believe that most of people they do business with foreign countries can speak English, and if they do not able to speak English, interpreters can be used. Lack of knowledge of foreign language puts the English-speakers at disadvantages. In a meeting, for an example, the people on the other side discuss things amongst themselves in their own languages without the English-speakers understanding. Interpreters slow down everything.In any socializing after meeting, the locals will feel more comfortable using their own language rather than English. The reason of learning foreign language is often being able to travel to a foreign country. Being able to speak native language with the locals has benefits in and of ourselves. Many English speakers seem to believe that wherever they go on holi day they can get by speaking English, so there's no point in learning any other languages. If people don't understand you all you have to do is speak slowly and turn up the volume. However, by putting forth the effort to speak with people in their own languages it shows the travelers are doing their best to take care of themselves in different environment. The locals can see their effort and willing to help the travelers. It also good because they can go restaurant, speak with the locals without help of friends or translator. Speaking to the locals is often highlight of many people’s trips. It gives insight on a new way of life and develops a new friendships. The another reason of learning foreign language is we can keep foreign language as a secret communication.The student has study it with a friend, both of you can converse without others knowing what you are saying. This is something that can be immensely helpful when speaking to family about private matters while out in public, or making important decisions in public. For example, a person may be making a large purchase, such as a car, and want to discuss some of its issues but you don’t want to have others eavesdropping. In this situation you could use your other language, especially if it is a language that not many people study, to talk to whoever came along with you.Eavesdropping is something that everyone does, but also something that everyone hates. This problem is easily avoided if the student studies a language that not many people study. Another way to help this is if you can find someone to study with. That, in and of itself, is encouragement. It keeps you accountable and learning with a friend is much more enjoyable. In a conclusion, learning foreign language is important around the world and it helps us in our daily life.The reason that we need to learn foreign language because learning foreign languages can help us in working or business, able to travel to a foreign country, for eign language as a secret communication. Whatever may be the reasons to learn a foreign language the bottom line is an incredible experience, with incredible benefits, this learning process is one of the most satisfying ones because we can use it on our day to day activities, not only for understanding what a block of text says but it makes you aware of other cultures and other people.

How to Write a Literacy Narrative

How to Write a Literacy Narrative I first learned to read at the age of three while sitting on my grandmother’s lap in her high-rise apartment on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, IL. While flipping casually through Time magazine, she noticed how I took a keen interest in the blur of black and white shapes on the page. Soon, I was following her wrinkled finger from one word to the next, sounding them out, until those words came into focus, and I could read. It felt as though I had unlocked time itself. What Is a â€Å"Literacy Narrative?† What are your strongest memories of reading and writing? These stories, otherwise known as â€Å"literacy narratives,† allow writers to talk through and discover their relationships with reading, writing, and speaking in all its forms. Narrowing in on specific moments reveals the significance of literacy’s impact on our lives, conjuring up buried emotions tied to the power of language, communication, and expression. To be â€Å"literate† implies the ability to decode language on its most basic terms, but literacy also expands to one’s ability to read and write the world - to find and make meaning out of our relationships with texts, ourselves, and the world around us. At any given moment, we orbit language worlds. Soccer players, for example, learn the language of the game. Doctors talk in technical medical terms. Fishermen speak the sounds of the sea. And in each of these worlds, our literacy in these specific languages allows us to navigate, participate and contribute to the depth of knowledge generated within them. Famous writers like Annie Dillard, author of The Writing Life, and Anne Lammot, Bird by Bird, have penned literacy narratives to reveal the highs and lows of language learning, literacies, and the written word. But you don’t have to be famous to tell your own literacy narrative - everyone has their own story to tell about their relationships with reading and writing. In fact, the Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign offers a publicly accessible archive of personal literacy narratives in multiple formats featuring over 6,000 entries. Each shows the range of subjects, themes, and ways into the literacy narrative process as well as variations in terms of voice, tone, and style. How to Write Your Own Literacy Narrative Ready to write your own literacy narrative but don’t know where to begin? Think of a story linked to your personal history of reading and writing. Perhaps you want to write about your favorite author or book and its impact on your life. Maybe you remember your first brush with the sublime power of poetry. Do you remember the time you first learned to read, write or speak in another language? Or maybe the story of your first big writing project comes to mind. Make sure to consider why this particular story is the most important one to tell. Usually, there are powerful lessons and revelations uncovered in the telling of a literacy narrative.Wherever you begin, picture the first scene that comes to mind in relation to this story, using descriptive details. Tell us where you were, who you were with, and what you were doing in this specific moment when your literacy narrative begins. For example, a story about your favorite book may begin with a description of where you were when the book first landed in your hands. If you’re writing about your discovery of poetry, tell us exactly where you were when you first felt that spark. Do you remember where you were when you first learned a new word in a second language? Continue from there to explore the ways in which this experience had meaning for you. What other memories are triggered in the telling of this first scene? Where did this experience lead you in your writing and reading journey? To what extent did it transform you or your ideas about the world? What challenges did you face in the process? How did this particular literacy narrative shape your life story? How do questions of  power or knowledge come into play in your literacy narrative? Writing Toward a Shared Humanity Writing literacy narratives can be a joyful process, but it can also trigger untapped feelings about the complexities of literacy. Many of us carry scars and wounds from early literacy experiences. Writing it down can help us explore and reconcile these feelings in order to strengthen our relationship with reading and writing. Writing literacy narratives can also help us learn about ourselves as consumers and producers of words, revealing the intricacies of knowledge, culture, and power bound up in language and literacies. Ultimately, telling our literacy stories brings us closer to ourselves and each other in our collective desire to express and communicate a shared humanity.​ Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein is a poet, writer, and educator from Chicago, IL (USA) who currently splits her time in East Africa. Her essays on arts, culture, and education appear in Teaching Artist Journal, Art in the Public Interest, Teachers Writers Magazine, Teaching Tolerance, The Equity Collective, AramcoWorld, Selamta, The Forward, among others.

A-team case Essays

A-team case Essays A-team case Essay A-team case Essay The A-Team was established under a threat from Chinese companies as well as because of the declining demand for premium-priced bicycles In world markets. Under pressure, the cohesion of a group tends to be stronger. Thus Clans and Merriam Industry Co. Ltd (Merriam) decided to put aside their business competition and brought their suppliers together to develop a solution and to regain the reputation of Taiwan bicycle industry. Moreover, although these firms were competitors, the founder of Giant and the founder of Merriam were old friends and both led the bicycle industry in Taiwan. 2. Is there some relevance that the firms were all Taiwanese firms The Corporate Synergy Development Center (CDC), a semi-government agency, was created to assist Taiwanese firms in establishing production networks. It was characterized as a system of production in firms that were simultaneously specialized in a particular task but flexible in serving a wide range of market demands. 3. What kind of activities/mechanisms contributed to the mutual learning among A-Team members Firstly, the coaching team, which composed from Giant, CDC and Toyota Motors, had both the expertise needed and legitimacy. The team was helpful to Introduce TIPS and SIRS. Secondly, an Internal A-Team was formed by each member company to work with other members. It promoted mutual learning. Thirdly, in 2004, more learning and sharing activities were designed for co- development of innovative and high-value bicycles and parts. Thus those activities can teach most Taiwanese firms to learn how to work with others in developing new products. Fourthly, the e-platform was established for all members could work getter as well as the A-Team members and clients to exchanges Information and manage development projects. Finally, A-Team members engaged In monthly visits by consultants from Toyota Motors, discussion sessions, visiting members with good performance in TIPS and presentation by each member every five months. These activities can increase the interaction between individuals in member firms. 4. Is cooperating with a direct competitor (such as between Merriam and Giant) a viable prospect for the A-Team In the long term The Initial success of the A-Team shows hat how companies working together can enhance their competitiveness to counter external threats. The companies In the bicycle Industry in Taiwan know that there Is strong domestic and international demand for their high-end products. This is an implication for companies in other industries and these companies may potentially imitate the moves of the A-Team. 5. Is it okay if one partner gains more from the alliance than others That is okay. If the members gain more knowledge, skills and techniques form the alliance or others, they will be asked to contribute more own quenches and knowledge to others.

Interpersonal and Intercultural Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interpersonal and Intercultural Paper - Essay Example The senior management must be willing to tolerate dissent in order to ensure informed and responsible decision-making in appointing effective departmental management heads. Richard Johanneson (2002) concluded that ethical issues that arise in human behavior have a significant impact on other people when the behavior entails conscious choice of means and ends, and when the behavior is judged by standards of right and wrong. According to utilitarian ethics, interpersonal communication ethics must aim at benefiting all parties and should focus on the consequences of the decisions or actions. On the other hand, virtue ethics requires the communicators to respect the moral character and dignity of a person during communication and avoid unethical practices such as deception, coercion, tapping telephones and inappropriate jokes.The current changes in departmental management heads have shifted the perceptions of power in the hospital thus leading to conflicts. The event has generated power imbalances and misuse of power thus hindering effective communication and interpersonal relationships in the hospital. The junior staff members perceive the new departmental heads as very powerful due to the position power attached to their title in the hospital. The new management of the department has excess informational power and have hindered effective horizontal communication in the hospital.Conflicts at the hospital can lead to hostility and resentment thus hurting interpersonal relationships between the employees.

Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study I Week 3 Assignment

Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study I Week 3 - Assignment Example Though it may seem callous to say, the main objective is to draw a line that crosses both an ethical and a legal aspect of such a scenario in order to negate any sort of liability that may befall the hospital should anything happen (Grant & Ballard, 2011). Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) is a very controversial subject with both sides holding strong arguments on why it should or should not be accepted. On one hand its seen as the simple and outright killing of another individual yet on the other it can be said that such an act cannot be considered to be murder as it involves the willing participation of the so called victim (Lachman, 2010). What can be considered to be the best option as a result is the creation of a strong outline for the circumstances under which PAS is allowed for an individual (Calandrillo, 1998). This is due to the fact that in some cases an individual who is bound to die in the end is simply being given a choice of suffering through out till the end or choosing to go in a more peaceful manner but earlier than would have been the case. An individual should have the right to be able to make such a decision for themselves (Lachman,